Terrestrial Ecosystem

DIY Terrestrial Ecosystem in a Jar

Create your own miniature forest in a jar! This hands-on activity helps you build a tiny self-sustaining land ecosystem—perfect for exploring plant growth, decomposition, and the water cycle in action.

Terrestrial ecosystems are land-based habitats where plants, soil, microbes, and sometimes small animals interact. Key features include producers like mosses and small plants that photosynthesize, decomposers that break down organic matter, and cycles like water and carbon that keep everything in balance.

What You’ll Need:

• A clear glass jar with a lid (wide-mouthed works best)

• Pebbles or gravel (for drainage)

• Activated charcoal (optional, helps filter the soil and prevent odors)

• Potting soil or forest floor soil (rich in organic matter)

• Small mosses, ferns, or tiny plants (like fittonia, baby tears, or spiderwort)

• A few dry leaves or twigs (to mimic natural forest litter)

• A spray bottle of clean water

• A lid or cling wrap (to help trap moisture)

• Optional: tiny decomposers like springtails or isopods (for long-term balance)

How to Make It:

1. Layer Pebbles or Gravel (1–2 cm): This provides drainage and prevents root rot.

2. Add Activated Charcoal (optional): A thin layer to keep the ecosystem fresh.

3. Add Soil (2–4 cm): Use rich potting soil or soil from a healthy garden or forest floor.

4. Plant Your Greenery: Add moss, small ferns, or shade-loving plants. Pat them gently into the soil.

5. Add Natural Touches: Place small twigs or dry leaves to mimic a real forest floor.

6. Optional Decomposers: If you have access to springtails or isopods, gently add them to help break down waste.

7. Moisten the Soil: Use a spray bottle to lightly mist the soil and plants. It should be damp, not soggy.

8. Seal It Up: Close with a lid or cover with cling wrap to create a humid, self-regulating environment.

Care & Observation:

• Place the jar in a spot with indirect light—not direct sun.

• Watch the water cycle! You’ll see condensation, evaporation, and precipitation inside the jar.

• Look for plant growth, mold (a natural part of decomposition), or the movement of tiny creatures.

• Do not overwater—if the jar fogs up too much, open it for a few hours to let moisture escape.

• No feeding or pruning needed—let nature do its work!